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Propaganda in the Republic of China : ウィキペディア英語版 | Propaganda in the Republic of China
Propaganda has been an important tool of the Republic of China government since its inception in 1912. The term ''xuanchuan'' (宣傳 "propaganda; publicity") can have either a neutral connotation in official government contexts or a pejorative connotation in informal contexts.〔Kingsley Edney (2014), ''The Globalization of Chinese Propaganda: International Power and Domestic Political Cohesion'', Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 22, 195.〕 Some ''xuanchuan'' collocations usually refer to "propaganda" (e.g., ''xuānchuánzhàn'' 宣传战 "propaganda war"), others to "publicity" (''xuānchuán méijiè'' 宣傳媒介 "mass media; means of publicity"), and still others are ambiguous (''xuānchuányuán'' 宣传员 "propagandist; publicist").〔Translations from John DeFrancis, ed. (2003), ''ABC Chinese-English Comprehensive Dictionary'', University of Hawaii Press, p. 1087.〕 It also was an important tool in legitimizing the Kuomintang controlled Republic of China government that retreated from Mainland China to Taiwan in 1949. ==Propaganda during the Republican Era on Mainland China, 1912-1949== Because the national government of this time was weak, it was difficult for any censorship or propagandistic measures to be carried out effectively. However, a bureau was set up to control the production and release of film in China. Also, newspapers unfavorable to the central government could be harassed at will. Propaganda of this time was directed against the Communists and the Japanese.
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